{"id":650,"date":"2021-06-29T17:31:34","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T20:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/?p=650"},"modified":"2021-06-29T17:31:35","modified_gmt":"2021-06-29T20:31:35","slug":"do-que-sao-feitas-as-estrelas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/2021\/06\/29\/de-que-estan-hechas-las-estrellas","title":{"rendered":"De qu\u00e9 est\u00e1n hechas las estrellas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class = 'socialMediaOnEveryPost'><div id=\"sgmbShare1-1\" class=\"sgmbShare jssocials-theme-minima sgmbWidget1-1\"><\/div><div class=\"dropdownWrapper dropdownWrapper1 dropdownWrapper-for-widget \" id=\"dropdownWrapper-for-widget\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dropdownLabel\" id=\"dropdownLabel-share-list\"><span class=\"sgmbButtonListLabel1\">Share List<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dropdownPanel dropdownPanel1-1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><script>  SGMB_URL = \"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/social-media-builder\/\"; jQuery(\".dropdownWrapper\").hide(); SGMB_GOOGLE_ACOUNT = \"\"; <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\t\tjQuery(document).ready(function($){var widget = new SGMBWidget();widget.show({\"id\":\"1\",\"title\":\"Compartilhar nas redes\",\"options\":{\"currentUrl\":\"1\",\"url\":\"\",\"shareText\":\"\",\"fontSize\":\"14\",\"betweenButtons\":\"1px\",\"theme\":\"cloud\",\"sgmbButtonsPosition\":\"topLeft\",\"socialTheme\":\"minima\",\"icon\":\"cloud\",\"buttonsPanelEffect\":\"shake\",\"buttonsEffect\":\"No Effect\",\"iconsEffect\":\"flip\",\"buttons\":\"{\\\"facebook\\\":{\\\"label\\\":\\\"Publicar\\\",\\\"icon\\\":\\\"cloud-facebook\\\"},\\\"twitter\\\":{\\\"label\\\":\\\"Tweet\\\",\\\"icon\\\":\\\"cloud-twitter\\\",\\\"via\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"hashtags\\\":\\\"\\\"}}\",\"roundButton\":\"\",\"showLabels\":\"on\",\"showCounts\":\"\",\"showCenter\":\"\",\"showButtonsAsList\":\"\",\"sgmbDropdownColor\":\"\",\"sgmbDropdownLabelFontSize\":\"14\",\"sgmbDropdownLabelColor\":\"\",\"showButtonsOnEveryPost\":\"on\",\"selectedOrExcluded\":\"\",\"showButtonsOnEveryPage\":\"\",\"textOnEveryPost\":\"\",\"showButtonsOnCustomPost\":\"\",\"textOnCustomPost\":\"\",\"showButtonsOnMobileDirect\":\"on\",\"showButtonsOnDesktopDirect\":\"on\",\"sgmbSelectedPages\":[\"\"],\"sgmbExcludedPosts\":[\"\"],\"sgmbSelectedCustomPosts\":[],\"showButtonsInPopup\":\"\",\"titleOfPopup\":\"\",\"descriptionOfPopup\":\"\",\"showPopupOnLoad\":\"\",\"showPopupOnScroll\":\"\",\"showPopupOnExit\":\"\",\"openSecondsOfPopup\":\"\",\"googleAnaliticsAccount\":\"\"},\"buttonOptions\":{\"facebook\":{\"label\":\"Publicar\",\"icon\":\"cloud-facebook\"},\"twitter\":{\"label\":\"Tweet\",\"icon\":\"cloud-twitter\",\"via\":\"\",\"hashtags\":\"\"}},\"button\":[\"facebook\",\"twitter\"]}, 1, '', 'https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/noao-sun-scaled.jpg', '', 'https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/2021\/06\/29\/de-que-estan-hechas-las-estrellas'); });<\/script><\/div><script> jQuery(\".socialMediaOnEveryPost\").addClass(\"sgmb-left\") <\/script>\r\n<p><em>(Espectro solar de alta resoluci\u00f3n, de 4000 a 7000 angstroms, cada l\u00ednea cubre cerca de 60 angstroms. &#8211; Cr\u00e9ditos: N.A.Sharp, NOAO\/NSO\/Kitt Peak FTS\/AURA\/NSF)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00bfAlguna vez, al mirar un bello cielo estrellado, has imaginado de qu\u00e9 est\u00e1n hechas las estrellas? \u00bfSer\u00eda posible saber la composici\u00f3n de algo que est\u00e1 tan lejos?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00a1S\u00ed! Aunque sin irnos hasta all\u00e1 e incluso sin poder recoger un \u201ctrocito\u201d del Sol o de alguna estrella, somos capaces de saber de qu\u00e9 ellas est\u00e1n compuestas. Para ello, fueron necesarios a\u00f1os (y siglos) de desarrollo del conocimiento cient\u00edfico, adem\u00e1s de la dedicaci\u00f3n de muchos investigadores, comenzando en el siglo XVII.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/800px-Newtons_Experimentum_Crucis_Grusche_2015.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-651\" width=\"779\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/800px-Newtons_Experimentum_Crucis_Grusche_2015.jpg 800w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/800px-Newtons_Experimentum_Crucis_Grusche_2015-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/800px-Newtons_Experimentum_Crucis_Grusche_2015-768x332.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\" \/><figcaption><em>Ilustraci\u00f3n de Newton a realizar su experimento con prismas. (Cr\u00e9ditos: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archivo:Newton%27s_Experimentum_Crucis_(Grusche_2015).jpg\">Sascha Grusche<\/a> &#8211; Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>En 1672, Isaac Newton demostr\u00f3 que la luz del Sol se descompone en diversos colores al pasar a trav\u00e9s de un prisma, form\u00e1ndose un arcoiris. Pero s\u00f3lo en 1814, m\u00e1s de un siglo despu\u00e9s, Joseph von Fraunhofer observ\u00f3 l\u00edneas oscuras en el espectro continuo del Sol. Hoy sabemos que esas l\u00edneas son producidas por la presencia de distintos \u00e1tomos y mol\u00e9culas en la atm\u00f3sfera solar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/768px-Fraunhofer_lines.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/768px-Fraunhofer_lines.svg_.png 768w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/768px-Fraunhofer_lines.svg_-300x88.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption><em>L\u00edneas de Fraunhofer en el espectro visible, de 380 nm a 710 nm. (Cr\u00e9ditos: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Cada elemento qu\u00edmico genera un conjunto de l\u00edneas caracter\u00edstico y \u00fanico, en posiciones espec\u00edficas del espectro, como si fuera su huella digital. Al identificar las l\u00edneas en los espectros estelares, as\u00ed como en el Sol, sabemos cu\u00e1les elementos qu\u00edmicos est\u00e1n presentes y definir de esa forma su composici\u00f3n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/unnamed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-653\" width=\"428\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/unnamed-1.jpg 512w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/unnamed-1-300x125.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><figcaption><em>Espectro del hidr\u00f3geno en absorci\u00f3n (arriba, como vemos en los espectros estelares) y en emisi\u00f3n (abajo, como vemos en laboratorio, por ejemplo). &#8211; Fuente: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.khadley.com\/courses\/astronomy\/ph_207\/topics\/spectroscopy207\/index.html\">Kathryn Hadley<\/a>.)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>As\u00ed, se cre\u00eda que el Sol estaba compuesto por los mismos elementos qu\u00edmicos que componen la Tierra y en la misma proporci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, en 1925, Cecilia Payne demostr\u00f3 que, a pesar de que el Sol y las estrellas tengan los mismos elementos que encontramos en nuestro planeta, su composici\u00f3n es diferente, pues esos elementos tienen distintas abundancias.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/solar_comp_mod.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-655\" width=\"464\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/solar_comp_mod.png 828w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/solar_comp_mod-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/solar_comp_mod-768x511.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><figcaption><em>Composici\u00f3n solar. (Cr\u00e9ditos: NASA\/CXC\/K.DiVona &#8211; imagen modificada.)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>En su tesis doctoral, Payne concluy\u00f3 que las estrellas estaban compuestas por hidr\u00f3geno y helio como sus elementos m\u00e1s abundantes, revolucionando la Astrof\u00edsica Estelar de la \u00e9poca. La tesis de Cecilia Payne &#8211; titulada <em>Atm\u00f3sferas Estelares<\/em> -, \u00a1es considerada una de las m\u00e1s brillantes tesis jam\u00e1s escritas en Astronom\u00eda!<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/614px-Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_1900-1979_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-656\" width=\"381\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/614px-Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_1900-1979_3.jpg 614w, https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/614px-Cecilia_Helena_Payne_Gaposchkin_1900-1979_3-300x235.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/><figcaption><em>La astrof\u00edsica Cecilia Helena Payne Gaposchkin (1900-1979), en el Harvard College Observatory. (Cr\u00e9ditos: Instituto Smithsonian, EUA &#8211; Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Share List (Espectro solar de alta resoluci\u00f3n, de 4000 a 7000 angstroms, cada l\u00ednea cubre cerca de 60 angstroms. &#8211; Cr\u00e9ditos: N.A.Sharp, NOAO\/NSO\/Kitt Peak FTS\/AURA\/NSF) \u00bfAlguna vez, al mirar un bello cielo estrellado, has imaginado de qu\u00e9 est\u00e1n hechas las estrellas? \u00bfSer\u00eda posible saber la<\/p>\n<p class=\"entry-excerpt-more\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/2021\/06\/29\/de-que-estan-hechas-las-estrellas\">Read More <i class=\"fa fa-long-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,17,68,56],"tags":[91,90],"class_list":["post-650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-definiciones","category-estrellas","category-historia","category-sol","tag-composicao","tag-espectro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=650"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":659,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650\/revisions\/659"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astroparsec.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}